The Truth About Polybutylene Piping: Why It Failed and What to Use Instead

For decades, plumbing materials have evolved to provide homeowners and businesses with reliable, long-lasting water delivery systems. One such material, polybutylene (PB) piping, was widely used from the 1970s to the 1990s due to its affordability and ease of installation. However, it was later discovered that PB piping had significant durability issues, leading to system failures and costly repairs. In this blog, All Things Plumbing explores the history of polybutylene, why it failed, and which modern alternatives are better suited for water distribution systems.

What Is Polybutylene?

Polybutylene is a type of plastic resin that was introduced in the 1970s as a cheaper and easier-to-install alternative to traditional copper piping. PB pipes were commonly used in residential plumbing systems, particularly in the southern and western United States, where installation boomed due to their flexibility and resistance to freezing temperatures.

PB piping was marketed as the future of plumbing, offering a cost-effective solution that eliminated some of the challenges associated with metal pipes. It was lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and required fewer fittings, making installation faster and cheaper.

Why Polybutylene Piping Failed

Despite its early promise, PB piping quickly gained a reputation for failure, leading to numerous lawsuits and its eventual discontinuation. The primary issues with polybutylene piping include:

1. Chemical Reactions with Water Treatment Chemicals
   One of the biggest downfalls of PB piping was its reaction with chlorine and other disinfectants found in municipal water supplies. Over time, these chemicals caused the interior walls of PB pipes to become brittle and prone to cracking, leading to unexpected failures.

2. Micro-Fracturing and Leaks
   As PB pipes aged, they developed microscopic fractures that weakened the overall integrity of the plumbing system. These fractures often led to small leaks that, if undetected, could result in extensive water damage over time.

3. Poor Fittings and Connections
   Many PB plumbing systems were connected using acetal plastic or metal crimp fittings. The fittings themselves were prone to failure, particularly under high water pressure. This caused widespread leaks and, in some cases, complete system failures.

4. Class-Action Lawsuits and Discontinuation
   Due to the high failure rate of PB piping, numerous homeowners faced expensive repairs and water damage. This led to several class-action lawsuits, including Cox v. Shell Oil Co., which resulted in a settlement fund to help affected homeowners replace their PB plumbing. By the mid-1990s, polybutylene piping was no longer used in new construction, and it has since been recommended for replacement in existing homes.

Signs of Polybutylene Plumbing in a Home

If you suspect your home or business may have PB piping, look for the following indicators:

• Gray, blue, or black plastic pipes, typically ½” to 1” in diameter.

• Stamped with “PB2110” along the pipe surface.

• Commonly found in basements, near water heaters, or under sinks.

• Used in homes built between the late 1970s and mid-1990s.

If you discover PB piping, it is highly recommended to replace it before it leads to a costly plumbing disaster. All Things Plumbing can help assess and replace outdated piping systems to prevent future failures.

Best Alternatives to Polybutylene Piping

Fortunately, there are several modern alternatives to PB piping that offer superior durability and performance:

1. PEX (Cross-Linked Polyethylene)
   PEX is one of the most popular and reliable plumbing materials available today. It is highly flexible, resistant to chlorine and scale buildup, and has a long lifespan. Additionally, PEX requires fewer fittings, reducing the risk of leaks.

2. Copper Piping
   Copper has been a staple in plumbing for decades due to its durability, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand high pressures. While more expensive than PEX, copper is an excellent choice for homeowners looking for long-term reliability.

3. CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
   CPVC is a rigid plastic alternative that is more resistant to chlorine and heat than PB. It is often used in hot and cold water supply lines and offers a cost-effective solution for plumbing systems.

4. HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)
   HDPE is commonly used for underground water lines and municipal applications. It is highly durable, resistant to chemicals, and offers excellent longevity.

Should You Replace Polybutylene Piping?

If your home or business still has PB piping, replacing it as soon as possible is highly recommended. Insurance companies may refuse coverage or increase premiums for homes with PB pipes due to their high risk of failure. Additionally, many homebuyers are hesitant to purchase properties with PB plumbing, which can negatively impact resale value.

All Things Plumbing specializes in replacing outdated PB piping with modern, reliable alternatives. A professional plumber from our team can inspect your plumbing system and recommend the best replacement option based on your needs and budget.

Conclusion

Polybutylene piping was once seen as the future of plumbing but has since proven to be an unreliable and costly material. Due to its susceptibility to chlorine degradation, leaks, and system failures, PB piping is no longer in use and should be replaced in homes and businesses that still have it. Modern alternatives like PEX, copper, CPVC, and HDPE offer far superior durability and performance, ensuring a safe and efficient water delivery system for years to come.

If you suspect you have PB piping or need assistance with a plumbing upgrade, don’t hesitate to contact All Things Plumbing. Our expert team can assess your system and provide the best solutions to keep your plumbing secure and efficient.